T型墩应用于低佛氏数水流消能的

低水头闸坝工程的一个普遍水力学问题是低佛氏数水流的消能防冲，其特点是消能率低，为达到较好的消能效果，常常要在消力池加一些辅助消能工程。结合青海省引大济湟调水总干渠闸坝工程的水工模型试验，将T型墩置于海漫浆砌石段，有效的削弱了水流的余能。通过试验可以看出海漫段设置T型墩对低佛氏数的泄水建筑物有较好的消能作用。     

轴流定桨式水轮机抬机事故分析及防止措施

对小型水电站轴流定桨式水轮发电机组的抬机现象进行了分类，从理论上分析了造成抬机现象的原因，并结合试验研究和现场处理经验，提出了防止抬机事故的几项措施。     

拖拉机液压提升能力试验加载方案的对比研究

综述了国内外拖拉机液压提升能力试验的几种加载方案，并就其优缺点进行了探讨，给出了一种适于基层单位进行液压提升器检测维修的经济型方案。     

喷灌压力管网系统水力特性的模拟模型研究

本文从系统的观点出发，首先分析了水泵直接加压式喷灌压力管网系统的组成，继而运用图示模拟技术，着重研究探讨了计算各类水力单元直至全系统水力特性的模拟模型，并针对一个规模较大，地形较为复杂的坡地喷灌工程，具体介绍了运用该模型进行图示模拟计算的方法和步骤。计算结果表明，该模型能如实地反映喷灌压力管网系统的运行客观规律，从而为了解把握喷灌压力管网系统的水力特性提供了一种行之有效的实用计算方法。     

无氮日粮法与绝食法测定肉仔鸡内源氨基酸损失量的研究

本试验分别用无氮日粮法和绝食法测定肉仔鸡内源氨基酸损失量,并比较两种方法得到的结果之间的差异.选用49日龄健康的AA肉仔鸡公鸡20只,随机分成2组,每组10只,采用48 h空腹+48 h全收粪法进行试验.结果表明,无氮日粮法和绝食法测定的肉仔鸡内源氨基酸中,精氨酸、苏氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸内源损失量之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);无氮日粮法测定的其他氨基酸内源损失量极显著(P＜0.01)或显著(P＜0.05)高于绝食法;无氮日粮法测定的总氨基酸内源损失量极显著(P＜0.01)高于绝食法.     

棉花曲叶病毒对棉花造成的经济损失评估

棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leafcurl virus)是我国进境检疫性病毒,严重危害棉花的生长,给棉花生产带来巨大经济损失。文中分析此病毒可能给棉花生产所造成的损失,包括直接经济损失、间接经济损失和防治费用。估算了棉花曲叶病毒对棉花造成的经济损失值为77.27亿元~498.61亿元。     

Tillage Effects on Crop Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Sodic Soils

Tillage modifies soil structure and has been suggested as a practice to improve physical, hydrological and chemical properties of compacted soils. But little is known about effect of long‐term tillage on physicochemical soil properties and crop yield on sodic soils in India. Our objective was to investigate the effect of different tillage regimes on crop yield (wheat and paddy rice) and physicochemical properties of sodic soils. Two sodic sites under conventional tillage for 5 (5‐YT; 5‐year tillage) and 9 (9‐YT; 9‐year tillage) years were selected for this study. Changes in crop yield and physicochemical soil properties were compared with a control, sodic land without any till history, that is, 0‐year tillage/untilled (0‐YT). Five replicated samples at 0‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm soils depths were analysed from each site. In the top, 0‐ to 10‐cm soil depth 5‐YT and 9‐YT sites had higher particle density (Pd), porosity, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen (N_t), available nitrogen (N_avail), phosphorus (P_avail) and exchangeable calcium (Exch. Ca⁺⁺) than 0‐YT, whereas bulk density (Bd), C : N ratio and CaCO₃ were significantly lower. Bd, pH, EC and CaCO₃ increased significantly with depth in all the lands, whereas Pd, porosity, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, N_t, N_avail, P_avail and Exch. Ca⁺⁺ decreased. We conclude that continuous tillage and cropping can be useful for physical and chemical restoration of sodic soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

Vegetation plays an important role in soil erosion control, but few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of vegetation stems on hydraulics of overland flow. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effects of vegetation stems on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow velocity and hydraulic resistance of silt‐laden overland flow. Cylinders with diameter D of 2·0, 3·2 and 4·0 × 10⁻² m were glued onto the flume bed to simulate the vegetation stems, and a bare slope was used as control. The flow discharge varied from 0·5 to 1·5 × 10⁻³ m³ s⁻¹ and slope gradient was 9°. Results showed that Reynolds number on vegetated slope was significantly higher than that on bare slope because of the effect of vegetation stems on effective flow width. All the flows were supercritical flow, but Froude number decreased as D increased, implying a decrease in runoff ability to carry sediment. The mean flow velocity also decreased with D, while the velocity profile became steeper, and no significant differences were found in surface flow velocities among longitudinal sections on all slopes. Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient increased with D, implying that the energy consumption of overland flow on hydraulic resistance increased. Reynolds number was not a unique predictor of hydraulic roughness on vegetated slopes. The total resistance on vegetated slopes was partitioned into grain resistance and vegetation resistance, and vegetation resistance accounted for almost 80% of the total resistance and was the dominant roughness element. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under controlled conditions to actual overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水力碎浆机传动系统的设计

在水力碎浆机的设计中传动系统的设计非常重要,其决定了整台机器的性能和效率。传动系统的转矩由电动机通过带轮、主轴传动至转子,转子的回转形成浆流的循环和物料的摩擦,从而达到把物料碎解成浆的目的。

Abstract：

The design of the transmission system of hydraulic pulpers is very crucial,because it determines the performance and efficiency of the whole machine.The transmission system transfers torque from the motor through a pulley and from the main shaft to its ro     

关岭自治县花江石漠化的成因及防治措施

 花江石漠化综合防治工程自1991—2003年治理石漠化面积47.63 km2,其中,轻度以上石漠化面积30.88 km2,占总面积的65%。通过山坡下部坡改梯,种植花椒和砂仁等经果林,配套小型水利水保工程,以及山坡上部加强植被管护,发挥生态自我修复能力等措施,石漠化的发展得到有效遏制。项目区贫困人口由1997年的3072人减少到2003年的764人,年人均纯收入由120元增加到1800元,林灌草覆盖率由14.16%增加到21.29%。该项目为今后大规模治理石漠化积累了经验。